Epidemiology of breast cancer

Breast Cancer Statistics Worldwide | Worldwide Breast Cancer

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Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women. (The most common form of cancer is non-invasive non-melanoma skin cancer, non-invasive cancer is generally easily curable, causes very little death, and is routinely excluded from cancer statistics.) Breast cancer consists of 22.9% of invasive cancers in women and 16% of all female cancers.

In 2008, breast cancer caused 458,503 deaths worldwide (13.7% cancer deaths in women and 6.0% of all cancer deaths for men and women together). Lung cancer, the second most common cause of cancer-related death in women, accounts for 12.8% of cancer deaths in women (18.2% of all cancer deaths for men and women together).

The number of cases worldwide has increased significantly since the 1970s, a phenomenon that is partly due to the modern lifestyle.

Video Epidemiology of breast cancer

By age group

Breast cancer is strongly associated with age, with only 5% of all breast cancers occurring in women under 40 years old.

Maps Epidemiology of breast cancer

By region

The incidence of breast cancer varies widely around the world: this cancer is lowest in developing and largest countries in more developed countries. In twelve regions of the world, the annual incidence rate of annualized standards per 100,000 women is as follows: in East Asia, 18; South Central Asia, 22; sub-Saharan Africa, 22; Southeast Asia, 26; North Africa and West Asia, 28; South and Central America, 42; Eastern Europe, 49; Southern Europe, 56; Northern Europe, 73; Oceania, 74; Western Europe, 78; and in North America, 90.

United States

The lifetime risk for breast cancer in the United States is usually given about 1 in 8 (12%) of women at age 95, with 1 in 35 (3%) possibly dying from breast cancer. This calculation assumes that all women live at least at the age of 95, except for those who die of breast cancer before the age of 95 years. Recent work, using real-world figures, shows that the true risk may be less than half the theoretical risk.

The United States has the highest annual incidence of breast cancer in the world; 128.6 per 100,000 white people and 112.6 per 100,000 among African Americans. This is the second most common cancer (after skin cancer) and the second most common cause of cancer deaths (after lung cancer) in women. In 2007, breast cancer was estimated to cause 40,910 deaths in the US (7% cancer deaths, almost 2% of all deaths). This figure includes 450-500 deaths per year among men from 2,000 cases of cancer.

In the US, both incidence and mortality for breast cancer have declined in recent years. In the US, the incidence of age-adjusted breast cancer per 100,000 women increased from about 102 cases per year in the 1970s to about 141 in the late 1990s, and has since fallen, steadily stabilizing around 125 since 2003. Age-adjusted deaths breast cancer per 100,000 women increased slightly from 31.4 in 1975 to 33.2 in 1989 and has declined steadily since, to 20.5 by 2014. Nevertheless, a US study conducted in 2005 showed that breast cancer remains the most feared disease, although heart disease is a more common cause of death among women. Studies show that women overestimate the risk of breast cancer.

English

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the UK (about 49,900 women and 350 men diagnosed with the disease in 2011), and it is the third most common cause of cancer death (about 11,600 women and 75 men die in 2012). The standard incidence rate for breast cancer is 113.4 per 100,000 inhabitants in Wales and there has been a significant increase in the incidence of breast cancer in Wales over the last three decades, which is probably partly due to national introduction. Breast Health Checkup Program.

Developing country

"Breast cancer in less developed countries, such as in South America, is a major public health problem.This is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in countries such as Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.The number of new expected cases and deaths due to breast cancer in South America for 2001 were around 70,000 and 30,000 respectively. "However, due to lack of funds and resources, treatment is not always available for those who have breast cancer. It has also been shown that while the overall incidence of breast cancer appears to be higher in Caucasian women, black African women tend to present at a younger age and with a more aggressive pattern of illness, a pattern that has also been reported among black women who were born. and being raised in London shows a more genetic relationship than just a cause of the environment or a late presentation.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Incident and Mortality

Data on breast cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa are available, although very limited compared to developed countries. Breast cancer has the highest incidence among Sub Saharan African women, and now also has the highest mortality rate in many countries in the region, before cervical cancer. Breast cancer accounts for 20% of cancer deaths in women and represents 25% of cancers diagnosed. The incidence rate of breast cancer varies from region to region in sub-Saharan Africa and is 30.4, 26.8, 38.6 and 38.9, respectively, in East Africa, Central Africa, West Africa and South Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa has a lower incidence rate for breast cancer than developed countries but the mortality rate reflected in the region is much higher. Many reasons have been found to be the source of this difference, including the fact that breast cancer is diagnosed at a later stage in sub-Saharan Africa. For example, while Central Africa has a mortality/incidence ratio of 0.55 in 2012, the US has only 0.16. In addition to being diagnosed at a later stage, breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa was also found to have earlier onset compared with western countries. Screening is considered an important tool for dealing with late-stage breast cancer diagnoses by most policymakers in African countries, especially given that treatment is severely constrained by a lack of resources. More research is also needed to generate more updated data on breast cancer and better understand the variance there and how they affect the burden of disease in the region.

Challenges

One of the main challenges in reducing the burden of breast cancer in Sub Saharan Africa remains the lack of the National Cancer Control Program and the lack of human as well as financial resources. Most countries do not have an integrated prevention and treatment program, which complicates disease control in these countries. Also, areas dispose of disproportionate amounts of cancer registries, along with resources and facilities for treatment. These are all factors into the difficulties of different countries to ensure that high-risk women are identified and that the disease is diagnosed early enough to have a better chance of being treated. The lack of affordable and effective care methods also makes efforts to promote early detection as they are exposed then faced with inaccessible and unreachable resources in cases where they are available. The challenges for dealing with breast cancer in Africa are varied, not fully understood, and further complicated by unique risk factors that may be highlighted by further research, but developing strategies that encourage early detection are seen in the literature as a priority for effective war against disease.

Male breast cancer

Male breast cancer is a less-discussed issue because of its lower incidence with less than 1% of breast cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The review of this disease found that the ratio of men and women was higher in Sub-Saharan countries than in developed countries and the onset of the disease occurred on average last 7 years in men than in women. There has been a marked decrease in the ratio of male and female breast cancer in recent years but may be associated with a recent increase in female breast cancer in the region. There is still little understanding of the causes of higher risk for male breast cancer in Sub Saharan Africa and in male breast cancer in general, leading to poor clinical management of the disease.