A genetically modified virus is a virus that has been genetically modified for various biomedical purposes, agricultural purposes, bio-control and technology objectives. Genetic modification involves insertion or removal of genes to repair the organism and is usually obtained by biotechnology.
Video Genetically modified virus
General use
Genetic modification involves insertion or removal of genes into the viral genome to enhance the organism and is usually obtained by biotechnology methods. These gene transfer methods include physically inserting extra DNA into the nucleus of the intended host with a very small syringe, or with very small particles being fired from a gene gun. Other methods exploit the natural form of gene transfer, such as the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer genetic material to plants, or the ability of lentiviruses to transfer genes to animal cells.
Maps Genetically modified virus
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Gene therapy
Gene therapy uses genetically modified viruses to produce genes that can cure diseases in human cells. These viruses can deliver genetic material of DNA or RNA to the targeted cell. Gene therapy is also used by deactivating mutated genes that cause disease using viruses. Viruses that have been used for gene therapy are, adenovirus, lentivirus, retrovirus and herpes simplex virus. Although gene therapy is still relatively new, it has some success. It has been used to treat inherited genetic disorders such as severe combined immunodeficiency. Despite some successes, gene therapy is still considered a risky technique and studies are still undergoing to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Cancer treatment
In 2004, researchers reported that genetically modified viruses that exploit the selfish behavior of cancer cells might offer an alternative way to kill tumors. Since then, some researchers have developed a genetically modified oncolytic virus that shows promise as a treatment for many types of cancer.
Vaccines
In 2001, it was reported that genetically modified viruses might be used to develop vaccines against diseases such as AIDS, herpes, dengue and viral hepatitis by using a proven safe vaccine virus, such as adenovirus, and modifying its genome to have genes. code for immunogenic proteins that can boost the immune system's response to then be able to fight the virus.
Pacifiers
In 2012, US researchers report that they inject genetically modified virus into the heart of a pig. This virus is inserted into the heart muscle, a gene called Tbx18 that allows heart rate. The researchers predict that one day this technique can be used to restore a human heartbeat that should require an electronic pacemaker.
Ã, Lentivirus
Genetically modified lysis versions have been used to treat illnesses. Lentivirus is versatile and can be used as a genetically modified virus by using it as a vector for gene therapy.
Bio-control
Rabbit
In Spain and Portugal, in 2005 rabbits had declined by 95% for 50 years due to diseases such as myxomatosis, haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and other causes. This in turn leads to a decrease in predators such as Iberian lynx, an endangered species. In 2000, Spanish researchers investigated genetically modified viruses that might protect rabbits in the wild against myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic diseases. However, there are fears that such a virus might enter wild populations in areas such as Australia and create population explosions. Rabbits in Australia are considered pests whose landowners are legally obliged to control them.
Ã, Papaya
Tropical and subtropical regions located in the United States, South America, India, Africa, Mexico, China, and Australia have decreased papaya production due to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). To combat this disease PRSV-resistant papaya genetically engineered through gene technology. PSRV-resistant papaya is engineered using a mediated protein, an RNA silencing mechanism. This is achieved through papaya agrobacterium mediated transformation. Another method used to combat this disease is the gene gun method and post-transcriptional gene muting technology. Post-transcriptional gene muting technology is still being studied and may be used for future PRSV treatment.
Technology apps
Lithium-ion battery
In 2009, MIT scientists created a genetic engineering virus that has been used to build lithium-ion batteries that are more environmentally friendly. Batteries are built by genetically modified different viruses such as, bacteriophage E4 and bacteriophage M13, for use as cathodes. This is done by editing the virus genes that encode the protein layer. The protein layer is edited to coat itself with iron phosphate to adhere to highly conductive carbon nanotubes. Viruses that have been modified to have multifunctional protein coatings can be used as nanostructured cathodes by causing ionic interactions with cations. Let the virus be used as a small battery. Angela Blecher, the scientist who leads the MIT research team on the project, says that the battery is powerful enough to be used as a rechargeable battery, hybrid electric car power, and a host of personal electronics.
Security and regulatory issues
Bi-hazard research limits
The National Institute of Health declared a research funding moratorium on selected Gain-of-Function virus research in January 2015. Questions about possible modified virus escape from the biosafety laboratory and the use of multiple-use technologies, dual use of attention research (DURC) NIH funding policy.
Genesis of GMO lentivirus
A scientist claims he is infected by a genetically modified virus when working for Pfizer. In a civil suit, he says he has been paralyzed by a virus designed by Pfizer. "McClain, of the Deep River, suspects he was inadvertently exposed, through work by his former Pfizer colleagues in 2002 or 2003, to an engineering form of lentivirus, a virus similar to that which can cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS." found that McClain failed to show that his illness was caused by exposure to lentivirus, but also that Pfizer broke the whistleblower law.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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