Cancer survival rates vary by type of cancer, stage at diagnosis, treatment given and many other factors, including countries. In general the survival rate improves, although it is more for some cancers than others. Survival rates can be measured in several ways, the average life expectancy has advantages over others in terms of meaning for the people involved, not as an epidemiological measure.
However, the current survival rate is often measured in terms of 5-year survival rates, which is the percentage of people living at least five years after being diagnosed with cancer, and the relative survival rates of people with cancer in people across the population.
Several types of cancer are associated with high survival rates, including breast, prostate, testicular and colon cancers. Brain and pancreatic cancer have a much lower average survival rate that has not improved dramatically over the past forty years. Indeed, pancreatic cancer has one of the worst survival rates of all cancers. The five-year survival rate for breast cancer is 26% according to the Cancer Centers of America website. Small cell lung cancer has a five-year survival rate of 4% according to the American Cancer Center website. The American Cancer Society reported a 5-year relative survival rate of more than 70% for women with stage 0-III breast cancer with a 5-year relative survival rate close to 100% for women with stage 0 or stage I breast cancer. Relative survival rates 5 year fell to 22% for women with stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer.
In cancer types with high survival rates, incidence is usually higher in developed countries, where longevity is also greater. Cancer with a lower survival rate is more common in developing countries.
Video Cancer survival rates
Trends in survival rates
In the United States there has been an increase in the relative 5-year survival rate among people diagnosed with cancer in 1975-1977 (48.9%) and people diagnosed with cancer in 2007-2013 (69.2%); these numbers coincide with a 20% drop in cancer death rates from 1950 to 2014.
Lung cancer
In men, researchers suggest that overall reductions in cancer death rates are largely due to reduced tobacco use over the past half century, estimating that the reduction in lung cancer caused by tobacco smoking accounts for about 40% of overall reductions. in cancer death rates in men and is responsible for preventing at least 146,000 lung cancer deaths in men over a period of time from 1991 to 2003.
Breast cancer
The most common cancer among women in the United States is breast cancer (123.7 per 100,000), followed by lung cancer (51.5 per 100,000) and colorectal cancer (33.6 per 100,000), but lung cancer goes beyond breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths. among women. Researchers attribute a decrease in breast cancer mortality to improve care, including increased use of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Prostate cancer
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) attributed an increase in 5 years of prostate cancer survival (from 69% in the 1970s to 100% in 2006) to screening and diagnosis and due to the fact that men who participated in screening tended to be healthier and live longer than the average male and testing techniques that are able to detect slow-growing cancers before they become life-threatening.
Childhood Cancer
The most common type of cancer among children and adolescents is leukemia, followed by brain and other central nervous system tumors. Survival rates for most cancers in childhood have increased, with a marked increase in acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (the most common childhood cancer). Because of treatment improvements, the 5-year survival rate for acute lymphoblastic lymphoma has increased from less than 10% in 1960 to about 90% over the 2003-2009 time period.
Maps Cancer survival rates
Improvement in cancer therapy
The increase in survival rates for many cancers in the last half century is due to increased understanding of the causes of cancer and the availability of new treatment options, which are growing. Where previous surgery is the only option for treatment, the cancer is now treated with radiation and chemotherapy, including the preferred combination chemotherapy treatment with multiple medications rather than just one. Availability and access to clinical trials have also led to more targeted therapy and increased knowledge of the efficacy of treatment. There are currently over 60,000 clinical trials related to cancer listed at ClinicalTrials.gov, so a new approach to cancer treatment continues to be developed. NCI enrolls more than 100 approved targeted therapies for the treatment of 26 different types of cancer by the US Food and Drug Administration.
See also
- Cancer prevalence
- Cancer victims
References
External links
- SEER * Explorer (USA)
- National Cancer Institute (USA)
- Cancer Research UK Survival of one and five years for various types of cancer.
- The Cancer Society 2014 estimates that US incidence is death for major cancers, and by country.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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