The relationship between alcohol and breast cancer has been the subject of much research, and debate. Generally considered a risk factor for breast cancer in women. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has stated that there is sufficient scientific evidence to classify Group 1 alcoholic beverages carcinogens that cause breast cancer in women. Group 1 carcinogens are substances with the clearest scientific evidence that they cause cancer, such as tobacco smoking.
A woman who drinks an average of two units of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) per day has an 8% higher risk of developing breast cancer than women who drank an average of one unit of alcohol per day. A study of more than 1,280,000 middle-aged women in the UK concluded that for every additional drink consumed regularly per day, the incidence of breast cancer increased by 1.1%. A study of 17,647 nurses found that high drinking rates were more than double the risk of breast cancer with a 2% increased risk for each additional drink per week consumed. A 4-5 beverage drink raises the risk by 55%.
However, studies of mortality indicate that drinkers do not have a greater risk of death from breast cancer. Analysis of various causes of death of elderly and elderly Americans found that of 251,420 women in the study, 0.3% of zero and super-bright drinkers died of breast cancer, during 10 years of research. And the exact same proportion, 0.3%, from moderate to heavy drinkers (1 to 4 drinks per day). In another mortality study of 85,000 women, the chances of dying from breast cancer during 12 years of follow-up were 0.4%, and again this is identical for zero-to-super-light drinkers such as moderate to severe drinkers.
This paradoxical difference between outcomes for diagnosis and mortality seems to be due to drinkers who screen more for potential reasons for breast cancer because higher screening rates among drinkers are because they are richer, more urban, more health conscious, closer to screening clinics.. Studies that control for screening rates indicate no association between drinking and being diagnosed with breast cancer.
Meta-analysis of epidemiological studies looking at drinking and breast cancer death/survival after diagnosis showed no association between drinking levels (before or after diagnosis) and risk of breast cancer death, or recurrence of cancer. Two recent studies looking at patients already diagnosed with breast cancer both found that women who drank prior to their breast cancer diagnosis did not have a higher risk of dying from cancer than non-drinkers. Similarly, a large study with long follow-up of women with breast cancer suggests breast cancer patients have a better chance of survival if they are regular drinkers before diagnosis. If they change their drink after diagnosis, this does not change their chances of dying from breast cancer. But increased drinking was associated with an overall increase in overall life expectancy (primarily because of the deaths of much less heart disease among those who increased their alcohol consumption).
Video Alcohol and breast cancer
Mekanisme
The mechanism of increased risk of breast cancer due to alcohol is unclear, and may be:
- An increase in estrogen and androgen levels
- Increased susceptibility of mammary glands to carcinogenic
- Increased damage to mammary DNA
- The greater potential for breast cancer cell metastasis
The magnitude of their possibilities depends on the amount of alcohol consumed.
Vulnerability to the risk of breast cancer alcohol can also be increased by other dietary factors (eg folate deficiency), lifestyle habits (including the use of hormone replacement therapy), or biological characteristics (eg, hormone receptor expression in tumor cells).
Maps Alcohol and breast cancer
In the mother of the mother who drinks
Studies show that drinking alcohol during pregnancy can affect the chances of breast cancer in girls. "For pregnant women, alcohol consumption, even in moderation, can lead to an increase in circulating estradiol levels, either through melatonin reduction or some other mechanism.This can then affect the growing mammary tissue so that lifelong risk of breast cancer is raised in their daughters. "
Drinking
In some studies, moderate alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
In contrast, a study by the Danish National Institute for Public Health, consisting of 13,074 women aged 20 to 91, found that moderate alcohol consumption had no effect on the risk of breast cancer.
Controlled studies for screening incidents showed no association with moderate drinking and breast cancer, for example moderate drinkers tended to filter more which resulted in more diagnoses of breast cancer, including misdiagnosis. A recent study of 23 years of breast cancer screening in the Netherlands concluded that 50% of diagnoses were excessive diagnoses.
Recurrence
A meta-analysis of a cohort study of alcohol consumption and breast cancer mortality showed no association between alcohol consumption before or after breast cancer diagnosis and recurrence after treatment.
In men
In men, breast cancer is rare, with an incidence of less than one case per 100,000 men. Population studies have given mixed results regarding excessive alcohol consumption as a risk factor. One study showed that alcohol consumption could increase the risk at a rate of 16% per 10g of alcohol consumption daily. Others show no effect at all, although the study has a small population of alcoholics.
References
External links
- UK: Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products Consumption of alcoholic beverages and breast cancer risk
- UK: Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products Evidence of the relationship between consumption of alcoholic beverages and breast cancer
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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